Enhancing Structural Mapping with LLM-derived Abstractions for Analogical Reasoning in Narratives
arXiv:2603.29997v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Analogical reasoning is a key driver of human generalization in problem-solving and argumentation. Yet, analogies between narrative structures remain challenging for machines. Cognitive engines for structural mapping are not directly applicable, as they assume pre-extracted entities, whereas LLMs' performance is sensitive to prompt format and the degree of surface similarity between narratives. This gap motivates a key question: What is the impact of enhancing structural mapping with LLM-derived abstractions on their analogical reasoning ability in narratives? To that end, we propose a modular framework named YARN (Yielding Abstractions for Reasoning in Narratives), which uses LLMs to decompose narratives into units, abstract these units, and
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Abstract:Analogical reasoning is a key driver of human generalization in problem-solving and argumentation. Yet, analogies between narrative structures remain challenging for machines. Cognitive engines for structural mapping are not directly applicable, as they assume pre-extracted entities, whereas LLMs' performance is sensitive to prompt format and the degree of surface similarity between narratives. This gap motivates a key question: What is the impact of enhancing structural mapping with LLM-derived abstractions on their analogical reasoning ability in narratives? To that end, we propose a modular framework named YARN (Yielding Abstractions for Reasoning in Narratives), which uses LLMs to decompose narratives into units, abstract these units, and then passes them to a mapping component that aligns elements across stories to perform analogical reasoning. We define and operationalize four levels of abstraction that capture both the general meaning of units and their roles in the story, grounded in prior work on framing. Our experiments reveal that abstractions consistently improve model performance, resulting in competitive or better performance than end-to-end LLM baselines. Closer error analysis reveals the remaining challenges in abstraction at the right level, in incorporating implicit causality, and an emerging categorization of analogical patterns in narratives. YARN enables systematic variation of experimental settings to analyze component contributions, and to support future work, we make the code for YARN openly available.
Subjects:
Computation and Language (cs.CL); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
Cite as: arXiv:2603.29997 [cs.CL]
(or arXiv:2603.29997v1 [cs.CL] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.29997
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
Submission history
From: Mohammadhossein Khojasteh [view email] [v1] Tue, 31 Mar 2026 16:57:11 UTC (3,316 KB)
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